Psychology, Existential And Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

My top five theories are Gestalt, Reality, Person Centered, Existential and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Within these five theories my top five aspects that I would like to incorporate into my own personal model of counseling is as follows: 1.) From Gestalt therapy I would incorporate staying with the feeling and use experiments along with internal dialogue exercises (Corey, 2013). The aspect of getting to the root of unfinished business in regards to impasse is appealing in regards to this theory as well as the idea that it moves the client to a place where they are more confident asking for help (Corey, 2013) 2.) From the Reality Therapy approach I would incorporate the WDEP technique (Corey, 2013). I feel that it is of the most importance to recognize what one wants from his or her life and to be able to verbalize and have an action based, planned path that moves one towards the goal (Corey, 2013). 3.) From the Person Centered Approach I would incorporate genuineness, uncondition al positive regard and accurate empathic understanding (Corey, 2013). In regards to the therapeutic process when working with people in crisis I believe this model is most effective (Corey, 2013). 4.) From an Existential Therapy approach I would incorporate the aspect of guiding the client to a place of awareness. I believe being aware of why one is not living their life fully is very important to moving a person toward making choices that will get them to a life that is more authentic to whoShow MoreRelatedPsychodynamic Approach On Human Nature1108 Words   |  5 Pagespsychodynamic, cognitive- behavioral, existential- humanistic, and postmodern approach. â€Å"Psychodynamic approach sees human functioning based upon the interaction of drives and forces within the person, particularly unconscious, and between the different structures of the personality.† (McLeod, 2007, para. 4). Psychodynamic approach uses conscious and unconscious forces to explain one s personality. Si gmund Freud is looked upon as one of the creators of this movement. â€Å"Cognitive- behavioral approach,Read MorePsycho Dynamic Psychology Essay763 Words   |  4 PagesThe psycho dynamic approach is a form of depth psychology, the objective of this technique for the psychotherapist is to open up the unconscious content of the mind in order to treat the psychic anxiety of the patient. Even though this method stems from the psychoanalysis it is a smaller amount comprehensive technique. The humanistic/existential approach associated with the conviction that human beings are alone in this world, for the reason of this belief is that a person may perhaps feel aRead MoreCarl Gustav and Sigmund Freud on Human Nature and Existencial Theory926 Words   |  4 Pagesguiding force in development. Jung, on the other hand, became theoretically rooted in spirituality and mysticism, and as a result of splitting from Freud, he developed the school of psychology known as analytical psychology. In stark contrast to Freud, Jung emphasized the second half of ones life and developed a more existential approach due to his emphasis on the importance of the meaning that once ascribes to their life. In order to develop appropriate at this juncture, Jung determined that during thisRead MoreUse Of Existential Therapists View Themselves As Companions996 Words   |  4 PagesTechniques Used Existential therapists view themselves as companions; not someone who is going teach and lead the individual to change because they view therapy as a journey client and therapist go through together. Each learning from one another and each having the same room and opportunity for growth. Van Deurzen explains â€Å"these practitioners prefer description, understanding, and exploration of the client’s subjective reality, as opposed to diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis† (as cited in CoryRead MoreExistential, Trauma, And Positive Psychology3246 Words   |  13 Pages EXISTENTIAL, TRAUMA, POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY Jose Mora Santana Northwest Christian University This research paper will be a brief insight into trauma and an exploration onto alternative therapies and models of psychology to treat trauma survivors. By using different journals, I will provide information that will give more in depth therapy treatments that have been conducted on individuals that have either suffer from or experienced traumatic events in their lives.Read More An analysis of Schools of Psychotherapy as they relate to Anger Management3512 Words   |  15 Pagesbrain structure is primitive, anger can be triggered inappropriately and without the individuals knowledge of the cause. In psychodynamic terms, past events and experiences suppressed in the unconscious can be the source of generated anger. In cognitive-behavioral terms, anger is described as an interaction of behavior, cognition, and physiological arousal (Ambrose Mayne, 1999). According to Deffenbacher (1999), anger may be aroused by specific external events, a mix of these external events with theRead M oreWomen s Responsibilities As A Caregiver Essay1127 Words   |  5 Pageswill use behavioral, cognitive-behavioral and existential theory to develop counseling plan to reach â€Å"Liz’s† desired goal of reducing her anxiety. Behavioral theory is based on the assumption that one has no free will and our behavior is a direct result of our environment. Behavior theory also views psychology as a science and relies solely on the scientific method. There is no consideration of internal aspects like emotions or thoughts, only what is observable and measurable. Behavioral theoryRead MoreThe American Psychological Association ( Apa )1101 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Psychological Association (APA), â€Å"a scientific and professional organization,† facilities annual conferences to discuss current events in psychology (APA, 2015, p 1). August 2015 marked the â€Å"123rd Annual Convention [in] Toronto, Ontario California† (p. 1). At this convention, Dr. Aaron T. Beck expounded on his 15 year old theory that Cognitive Therapy (CT) was an effective treatment modality for Schizophrenia (p. 2). Consequently, Beck found that CT only showed successful outcomes for mild toRead MoreMy Integrative Helpin g Approach : Liz Essay1209 Words   |  5 Pageswill use behavioral, cognitive-behavioral and existential theory to develop counseling plan to reach â€Å"Liz’s† desired goal of reducing her anxiety. Behavioral theory is based on the assumption that one has no free will and our behavior is a direct result of our environment. Behavior theory also views psychology as a science and relies solely on the scientific method. There is no consideration of internal aspects like emotions or thoughts, only what is observable and measurable. Behavioral theoryRead MoreExploring Cognitive Behavior Theory And Therapy897 Words   |  4 PagesExploring Cognitive Behavior Theory and Therapy From the time of the advent of Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory and therapy until now, psychologists have searched for new and better ways to both understand and treat the human psyche. Many psychologists have spent their lives analyzing the complexities of human thought, behavior, and interactions with societal influences in order to find new ways to guide humans towards a more fulfilling human experience. Throughout time, various theories and

Financial Markets and Risk Example

Essays on Financial Markets and Risk Coursework Financial Intermediation/Business of Banking/ Banking Risks Introduction Financial intermediation is a bank’s core performance matrix. Banking originates from intermediation, and intermediation provides banks with the opportunity to engage in business transactions and expand the economic cycle of the economy. However, there are various key areas within any commercial bank, and a basic understanding of these areas is crucial for any banking professional. The factor which carries the utmost importance is realizing the risks involved in transactions, and being able to mitigate them to acceptable levels. Following are a few key points which encompass the very essence of such an exercise. Question 1 When talking about depository institutions, we imply that these institutions are willing to take funds from the general public and then extend these funds to those who require them. The process of obtaining excess liquidity from the market and extending this credit to the illiquid market is the process of Financial Intermediation, and the body who acts in such a capacity is a financial intermediary. This is an indirect form of financing and most financial firms including commercial banks and saving loan institutions engage in it. On the whole of things, the general public is mostly the lender of credit units, whereas the Government and other corporations are the borrowers. The benefits to customers is two way. Firstly, those customers who have surplus funds will be able to hold their money in the form of bank deposits and earn interest income, which is also called the time value of money. Flipping the coin, the individuals who borrow will be able to get loan facilities readily available from a bank that has excess liquidity. We must keep in mind that if a bank’s liquidity is abundant, it would be willing to loan out funds at cheaper rates. Question 2 The balance sheet of a bank is very simple to understand. If the bank has loaned out any funds, they will appear on its Asset section. Any form of funds which the bank has taken will appear on the liability side of the balance sheet. The difference between the two is the equity of its shareholders, which is usually retained earnings and issued capital. Liquidity management is a complex situation, as large commercial banks have billions of dollars worth of inflow and outflow on a daily basis. In case there is a large outflow, the bank may need to borrow funds in the over night repo market to make sure it has adequate liquidity to meet its requirements. In the case of a large inflow, the bank will need to adjust its CRR so there isn’t any violation of regulations laid down by the Central Bank. In a nutshell, its deposits are used to meet liquidity shortages, while its assets are used for excessive liquidity management. Now let us understand the participation of a commercial bank in the various financial markets. Interbank: In this market, the bank engages in trading transactions of foreign currency, which includes buying and selling in spot value, forward value etc. There are other various tools such as sell/buys and buy/sells. Equity Market: Banks also hold a decent amount of their liquidity in the form of liquid stocks. The idea is to realize profits in the form of capital gains, dividends etc while at the same time having the option to immediately dispose of the investment to generate short-term liquidity management. Financial Derivatives: In this market, the bank hedges its outstanding exposure of interest rate risk, exchange rate risk etc. Financial instruments include options, forwards, futures, swaps. More complex products include Credit Default Swaps, Mortgage-Backed Securities etc. Bond Markets: Banks hold a reasonable amount of its funds invested in government and corporate issued securities known as bonds and t-bills. The idea is to generate income, which is dependent on the risk profile of the investment. Government securities are risk free, and hence derive the lowest yield. Money Market: Banks can borrow and lend funds to and from other banks in this market through various deployment and loaning facilities such as repos, reverse repos, call lending/borrowing, collateralized borrowing/lending etc. As mentioned earlier, the nature of the transaction determines where the item will end up on the balance sheet. Financial derivatives usually are not reported on the balance sheet. Bonds held are shown in assets. Foreign currency reserves are shown in assets, same as equity held for trading and till maturity. All borrowing facilities are listed under the liabilities section. Question 3 An increase in the general interest rate climate can affect a bank’s interest rate exposure as well as its profitability. There are two possible scenarios. In the first alternative, we assume that the bank has borrowed funds at a fixed rate, while lent out funds at a floater. When the interest rates rise, its paying the same interest on its deposits, while its placements are now yielding higher returns, and vice versa. This relates to the profitability of the bank. The first factor which determines the interest rate exposure is the tenure of the transaction. If interest rates are expected to go up, banks would want to borrow long and lend short to make the most of the rising yield curve. The risk is that if a bank fails to secure long term borrowing, then when it funding reaches maturity, it will have to borrow again but this time the rates will be higher. The second risk which exists is the implication of yield changes on prices. When interest rates rise, yields of bonds and t-bills go up, thus bringing down the price. If an institution were to sell of its securities during this time period, it would have to realize a capital loss. These are some of the scenarios which affect the bank’s profitability and interest rate risk which it runs. References Analyzing a Bank’s Financial Statements. www.investopedia.com. N.D., Web. May 04, 2011. Bank Balance Sheet: Liquidity and Solvency. www.calculatedriskblog.com. April 26’ 09. Web. May 04 2011. Interest Rate Risk Management. http://www.boj.org.jm. 2005. Web. May 04 2011. Interbank Market Liquidity and Central Bank Intervention. http://finance.wharton.upenn.edu. June 29 2008. Web. May 04 2011.

Ecological Effects of Industrial Revolution Free Essays

Ecological Effects of Industrial Revolution Museum http://ohsweb. ohiohistory. org/places/se02/index. We will write a custom essay sample on Ecological Effects of Industrial Revolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now shtml Buckeye Furnace is a reconstructed charcoal-fired iron blast furnace originally built in 1852. http://www. thehenryford. org/education/industrialRevolution. aspx Impact of Technology and Innovations during Industrial Revolution by experiencing the transition from small farms and shops of the 18th and 19th centuries to the large industrial complexes of today. Engines of Change introduces some of the people and machines that were part of this great transformation of change. Websites http://industrialrevolution. sea. ca/innovations. html Technologies are discussed that occurred during the Industrial Revolution to improve production. http://www. worldcoal. org/coal-the-environment/coal-mining-the-environment/ Coal mining and the how it affects the environment. http://www. worldcoal. org/coal-the-environment/climate-change/ Global greenhouse emissions, coal and climate change. http://www. catf. us/publications/reports/Cradle_to_Grave. df The environmental impact from coal mining. http://www. nps. gov/lowe/index. htm Uncover the Industrial Revolution through interactive exhibits at the Boott Cotton Mills Museum, and see the operating power looms. http://www. millerandlevine. com/km/evol/Moths/moths. html Example of evolution working through the process of natural selection caused by a changing habitat linked to the industrial revolution. http://ecology. com/features/industrial_revolution/index. html The Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in Earth’s ecology and humans’ relationship with their environment. ttp://www. mnsu. edu/emuseum/biology/evolution/genetics/naturalselection. html A complete text explaining evolution by the process of natural selection. http://www. globalchange. umich. edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/selection/selection. html Explanation of Natural Selection. http://bsgran. people. wm. edu/melanism. pdf Peppered moth selection analysis. Journal Article Oakes, Elizabeth H. â€Å"Newcomen, Thomas. † A to Z of STS Scientists. New York: Facts On File, Inc. , 2002. Science Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www. fofweb. com/activelink2. asp? ItemID=WE41SID=5iPin= azsts0137SingleRecord=True http://www. fofweb. com/activelink2. asp? ItemID=WE40SID=5iPin= azsts0137SingleRecord=True. With the invention of this atmospheric steam engine, the Industrial Revolution used coal as fuel. Barber, Nigel. â€Å"Ethical Issues of Air Pollution . † Encyclopedia of Ethics in Science and Technology. Facts On File, Inc. , 2002. Science Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www. fofweb. com/activelink2. asp? ItemID=WE40SID=5iPin= ethics0008SingleRecord=True http://www. fofweb. com/activelink2. asp? ItemID=WE40SID=5iPin= ethics0008SingleRecord=True. Major environmental polluters feel little sense of legal liability for pollution causing ill health and habitat destruction. Hopkins, William G. â€Å"photosynthesis and the environment. † Photosynthesis and Respiration, The Green World. New York: Chelsea House Publishing, 2006. Science Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://fofweb. com/activelink2. asp? ItemID=WE41SID=5iPin= GWPR0006SingleRecord=True http://fofweb. com/activelink2. asp? ItemID=WE40SID=5iPin= GWPR0006SingleRecord=True. Since Industrial Revolution, the human population has put increased pressure on the biosphere. Rosen, Joe, and Lisa Quinn Gothard. greenhouse effect. † Encyclopedia of Physical Science. New York: Facts On File, Inc. , 2009. Science Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://fofweb. com/activelink2. asp? ItemID=WE41SID=5iPin= EPS0098SingleRecord=True http://fofweb. com/activelink2. asp? ItemID=WE40SID=5iPin= EPS0098SingleRecord=True. Explanation of greenhouse effect, greenhouse gases, and energy transf ers. Barber, Nigel. â€Å"ethical implications of the Industrial Revolution. † Encyclopedia of Ethics in Science and Technology. Facts On File, Inc. , 2002. Science Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://fofweb. com/activelink2. asp? ItemID=WE41SID=5iPin= ethics0217SingleRecord=True http://fofweb. com/activelink2. asp? ItemID=WE40SID=5iPin= ethics0217SingleRecord=True. The increased burning of fossil fuels by industry and transportation resulted in pollution to destroy ecosystems and create health problems. PowerPoint Presentations http://americanhistory. pppst. com/industrialrevolution. html http://www. birdville. k12. tx. us/Instruction/ss2/SS%20Resources/8th%20Grade%20Links/Results%20of%20Industrial%20Rev.. ppt#256,1, Results of the Industrial Revolution http://www. mrberlin. com/7th/Growth_Prosperity/cotton_gin. pt#261,1 Cotton Gin Simulation http://www. biologycorner. com/worksheets/pepperedmoth. html Simulations of peppered moth population due to predation and ecological changes. YouTube video http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=qWiv5QAZAJM Human Induced Climate Change – Ian Plimer (part 4 of 5) Book Chapter Sakolsky, Josh . Critical Perspectives on the Industrial Revolution. New York: Rosen Publishing, 2005. A collection of articles which examines the Industrial Revolution. Chapter 2 Science, Technology, and Society: A Changing World. Books Stalcup, Brenda. The Industrial Revolution. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2002. A collection of articles which examines the causes, the spread of inventions and impact of the Industrial Revolution. Outman, James L. and Elisabeth M. Industrial Revolution: Primary Sources. Detroit: UXL, 2003. A book presenting works, speeches and testimony from which one gains an insight into the period. Evans, Chris and Goran Ryden. The Industrial Revolution in Iron: The Impact of British Coal Technologyin Nineteenth-Century Europe. London: Ashgate, 1988. Print. Hester, Ronald and Roy Harrison. Mining and its Environmental Impact. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 1994. Print. Film/DVD Coal Country. Director Phylis Geller. 001, Liason Distribution, DVD. http://www. coalcountrythemovie. com/ Reveals the truth about modern coal mining in America. A Forest Returns: The Success Story of Ohio’s Only National Forest as told by Ora E. Anderson. Producer Jean Andrews. Ohio Landscape Production, Inc. 2005. DVD. Documentary about the establishment of Wayne National Forest in Southeastern Ohio. http://www. ohiolandscape. org/09Forest. html Thesis Document number: ohiou1121272350. http://rave. ohiolink. edu/etdc/view? acc_num=ohiou1121272350 Research paper and videotaped production of Ora Anderson about the beginnings of Wayne National Forest. Gerald Nelson How to cite Ecological Effects of Industrial Revolution, Papers

Meaning of Ceteris Paribus free essay sample

In economics and finance,  the term is used as shorthand for indicating the effect of one economic variable on another, holding constant all other variables that may affect the second variable One of the disciplines in which ceteris paribus clauses are most widely used is economics, in which they are employed to simplify the formulation and description of economic outcomes. When using ceteris paribus in economics, assume all other variables except those under immediate consideration are held constant, . In effect all extra variables remain unchanged and there are no outside influences on the variables being looked at. The only variables being considered are price and demand. It does not take into account any other things, such as inflation, product improvements, etc. This allows for the explanation, examination and understanding of basic economic rules. This operational description intentionally ignores both known and unknown factors that may also influence the relationship between price and quantity demanded, and thus to assume ceteris paribus is to assume away any interference with the given example. We will write a custom essay sample on Meaning of Ceteris Paribus or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Such factors that would be intentionally ignored include: the relative change in price of substitute goods, (e. g. , the price of beef vs pork or lamb); the level of risk aversion among buyers (e. g. , fear of mad cow disease); and the level of overall demand for a good regardless of its current price level (e. g. a societal shift toward vegetarianism) In this example, the clause is used to operationally describe everything surrounding the relationship between both the price and the quantity demanded of an ordinary good. when  discussing the laws of supply and demand, one could say that  if demand for a given product outweighs supply, ceteris paribus, prices will rise. Here, the use of ceteris paribus is simply saying that as long as all other factors that could affect the outcome (such as  the existence of a substitute product) remain constant, prices will increase in this situation. For example as the price of Pepsi cola rises, the quantity demanded of Pepsi cola falls, ceteris paribus. If the price raise of Pepsi-cola and nothing else changes, in other words, people’s preferences stay the same, the recipe for Pepsi-cola stays the same, and so on, then in response to the higher price of Pepsi-cola, people will buy less Pepsi-cola. In a nutshell the term ceteris paribus is used to define the law of demand and supply and it literally means all other things remain constant and nothing else changes. Meaning of Ceteris Paribus free essay sample In economics and finance,  the term is used as shorthand for indicating the effect of one economic variable on another, holding constant all other variables that may affect the second variable One of the disciplines in which ceteris paribus clauses are most widely used is economics, in which they are employed to simplify the formulation and description of economic outcomes. When using ceteris paribus in economics, assume all other variables except those under immediate consideration are held constant, . In effect all extra variables remain unchanged and there are no outside influences on the variables being looked at. The only variables being considered are price and demand. It does not take into account any other things, such as inflation, product improvements, etc. This allows for the explanation, examination and understanding of basic economic rules. This operational description intentionally ignores both known and unknown factors that may also influence the relationship between price and quantity demanded, and thus to assume ceteris paribus is to assume away any interference with the given example. We will write a custom essay sample on Meaning of Ceteris Paribus or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Such factors that would be intentionally ignored include: the relative change in price of substitute goods, (e. g. , the price of beef vs pork or lamb); the level of risk aversion among buyers (e. g. , fear of mad cow disease); and the level of overall demand for a good regardless of its current price level (e. g. a societal shift toward vegetarianism) In this example, the clause is used to operationally describe everything surrounding the relationship between both the price and the quantity demanded of an ordinary good. when  discussing the laws of supply and demand, one could say that  if demand for a given product outweighs supply, ceteris paribus, prices will rise. Here, the use of ceteris paribus is simply saying that as long as all other factors that could affect the outcome (such as  the existence of a substitute product) remain constant, prices will increase in this situation. For example as the price of Pepsi cola rises, the quantity demanded of Pepsi cola falls, ceteris paribus. If the price raise of Pepsi-cola and nothing else changes, in other words, people’s preferences stay the same, the recipe for Pepsi-cola stays the same, and so on, then in response to the higher price of Pepsi-cola, people will buy less Pepsi-cola. In a nutshell the term ceteris paribus is used to define the law of demand and supply and it literally means all other things remain constant and nothing else changes.

History As germany and italy free essay sample

How successful were Giolitti’s government in promoting political stability in Italy in the years 1903 -1914? Giolitti’s government was extremely unsuccessful in promoting political stability in Italy. It seemed that the Italian liberal state suffered from political divisions all over the country; this was something no other Liberal western power had experience in the years 1903 to 1914. However under the ‘political divisions’, Giolitti was trying to reform and modernise Italy during his periods in power as Prime Minister. Giolitti and his government attempted to broaden support for Liberalism by appealing to traditionally hostile groups such as the Catholics and the working-class, created a grand trasformismo (a key concept used to describe the political system of Italy in the early 20th century. It was the process by which governments secured majorities from amongst the different factions in parliament by bribery and using pressure through prefects on local government). Therefore creating political instability, in the Italian liberal state. We will write a custom essay sample on History As germany and italy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One reason why Giolitti’s government were unsuccessful with attempting to create political stability with in Italy was due to the radicalisation and growth of the socialist party (PSI), which compounded the regime’s political problems. The PSI being inspired by Bolshevik party’s seizure of power in Russia adopted this policy of revolution and made the decision to join the Comintern (the communist international, a Moscow-based organisation, its aims were to co-ordinate and control the activities of national communist parties). Now not committed to a socialist republic and the dictatorship of the proletariat, the socialist party organised numerous strikes, protests and demonstrations in Italy. It attracted massive publicity too, with membership increasing from 50,000 to 200,000 in the years 1913 and 1914. However, Giolitti’s government were not extreme failures after all. They gave concessions to trade unions. He promised social reform, therefore gaining limited support from the Papacy, which was support none the less. Giolitti’s government promoted economic and financial development with the greatest growth and development occurring in northern Italy, especially in the motor car industry. Giolitti attempted to develop the economy of the south; on the other hand they did not want to be helped as much. Giolitti received a different sphere of success. He received moderate support in 1909 and in 1911. Making him prime minister not twice but five times in later years to come. However, political divisions still existed throughout Italy, showing how some of the Italian community lacked in confidence towards Giolitti’s government and it only seemed that in the years before 1914 political divisions around the country appeared to be growing only further. Giolitti sought to somehow defuse the discontent by social reforms, for example, the gradual extension of the right to vote and to conciliate the major organized opposition groups in Italy, the socialists and the Roman Catholics. In 1912 the introduction of the universal male suffrage extended to nearly the entire adult male population, from 3. 3 to 8. 6 million men. On the hand, in the sough, Giolitti’s government were less accommodating and would often resort to traditional styled repressing methods in the progress of a protest, as in the years 1903 and 1904. With the growing prosperity in the north the alienation, lead to industrial discontent and under-development in the south. While Giolitti attempted to win nationalist support through war, with the Ottoman Empire in 1911. Which led to the acquisition of Libya in 1912. The conquest of Libya in 1911 had confirmed Italy as a great power. However, the cost of war led to a suspension of promised social reforms. The war was used to justify the extension of the franchise; it was impossible to ask the men to fight and then deny them political rights. The electorate rose significantly from 3 million to 8. 5 million. Giolitti only sought to somehow tame the growing working class through concessions and only tried to avoid confrontation with the church. He hoped to produce a stable and prosperous Italy. His achievements can be considered despite the continuous strikes. He delivered a number of social reforms and living standards and wages rose significantly. In conclusion, Giolitti’s government was remarkably successful in creating political stability. They handled a series of difficult issues with great skill. However, the fact that they did not manage to solve all of Italy’s political problems is not the point. They gave Italy nearly 14 years of prosperity and stability. To what extent does disappointment with the outcome of the First World War explain the weaknesses of the liberal state 1919-1922? Before, during and after the outbreak of World War One, Italy could be described as weak and divided. Economic growth had been slowed by massive state spending on war related items. By the end of the war Italy faced a serious budget deficit. The war deepened the North-South divide. With the more industrialized northern economy, the southern peasants increased their demands for land and the criticism of the liberal political system were ever more growing. More than 2. 5 million peasants and laborer’s from the countryside served in the army, meaning that most were unskilled and unfit for service, most had to be trained. On the other hand, the First World War created a sense of Italian nationalism through the shared domestic and military experiences of the war. For example, the defeat at Caporetto certainly revolutionized Italian patriotism. Having said this, the First World War did more to divide Italians. For example, soldiers against shirkers, peasants against workers and interventionists against defeatists (who were known to be socialists, Catholics and Giolitti’s majority in parliament). Italy’s unstable political system was the other factor fuelling the collapse of the liberal state. The First World War had split the traditional ruling elite into separate factions. So many divisions existed that, everyone was opposing someone else one way or another for example, interventionists opposed neutralists. The liberal state made changes to the electoral system, there was the introduction of the universal male suffrage and then there was the bringing around of the party list system, were under the proportional representation system, voters choose parties not candidates. This shift towards mass democracy and proportional representation meant that the importance of the traditional link between the liberal politicians and the elite who kept them in power was undermined. Giovanni Amendola, a journalist and liberal politician, assessed that ‘the list system means the abdication of the liberal party’. November 1919 led to the first elections with new rules. The results clearly demonstrated that the liberal state had collapsed. The PSI (socialists) and the PPI (popular party) who were the two mass organized parties in Italy at the time obtained 156 and 101 seats. The liberals won 220 seats however they lost their control on parliament. Elections in 1921 produced similar results. From 1921 onwards the liberal government needed either the socialists or catholic support in order to survive. This undermined the customary practice of trasformismo and led to the emerging of mass parties. Which were unable to form lasting coalition governments. The liberals were unable to form a majority on their own. They kept clinging to pre-war methods such as trasformismo, therefore failing to act as a unified group and failed to come to terms with the new mass democracy. The PSI refused to cooperate in anyway with non-socialist parties and would not serve in a coalition government. Some liberals such as anti-clericals refused to make concessions over catholic schools and female suffrage as a price for support from the PPI. These liberal-catholic disagreements led to a weak and divided political system which eroded public confidence in the Italian parliamentary system. In conclusion, the disappointment of the outcome of the First World War explained why the liberal state was so weak. For many Italians it had failed to obtain many rewards such as territorial. Indeed the daring occupation of Fiume seemed to somewhat give courage to the liberal state however, it was in fact underlying the government’s weakness in pressing further for greater concessions. At the same time, changes to the electoral system and the emergence of mass organized parties, made it virtually impossible for the liberal government to stay intact. Therefore leading onto fascism and the beginning of a new empire.

Wjorld War II essays

Wjorld War II essays When war broke out, there was no way the world could possibly know the severity of this guerre. Fortunately one country saw and understood that Germany and its allies would have to be stopped. Americas Involvement in World War II not only contributed in the eventual downfall of the insane Adolph Hitler and his Third Reich, but also came at the precise time and moment. Had the United States entered the war any earlier the consequences might have been worse. Over the years it has been an often heated and debated issue on whether the United States could have entered the war sooner and thus have saved many lives. To try to understand this we must look both at the people and governments point of view. Just after war broke out in Europe, President Roosevelt hurriedly called his cabinet and military advisors together. There it was agreed that the United States stay neutral in these affairs. One of the reasons given was that unless America was directly threatened they had no reason to be involved. This reason was a valid one because it was the American policy to stay neutral in any affairs not having to do with them unless American soil was threatened directly. Thus the provisional neutrality act passed the senate by seventy-nine votes to two in 1935. On August 31, Roosevelt signed it into law. In 1936 the law was renewed, and in 1937 a "comprehensive and permanent" neutrality act was passed (Hart 142). The desire to avoid "foreign entanglements" of all kinds had been an American foreign policy for more than a century. A very real "geographical Isolation" permitted the United States to "fill up the empty lands of North America free from the threat of foreign conflict"(Hart 391). Even if Roosevelt had wanted to do more in this European crisis (which he did not), there was a factor too often ignored by critics of American policy-American military weakness. When asked to evaluate how ma...

Vietnam Market Competitive Pricing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Vietnam Market Competitive Pricing - Assignment Example The chief executive officer represents the company in making deals with other companies. The chief operating officer is directly below the CEO. Under him, there are production and business managers who oversee the production and business wings. The division operates autonomously. Several departments branch from the production wing such as procurement and production department. The business wing has finance, quality assessment, manufacturing, and sales department. The supply chain management in the company focuses on the need to interact with customers so as to identify the gaps in the market and take the appropriate action. Its marketing strategies recognize the need for SWOT analysis and trade marketing. The company conducts promotions where it gives 10% discounts to wholesalers and also offers a promotion on special days. To keep aloof from the market trends, the company holds at least one fashion fair. Through its process, AK Underwear undergoes several challenges. The main one is lack of enough capital to conduct adequate product development. This affects the success of some products which in turn affects its revenues negatively. There are also failures in products as a result of inadequate market research. The company is not fully established in Europe and the U.S therefore unable to tap into those potential markets. In recent times, there has been a low amount of high-quality raw materials which affects the implantation of the goal to produce high-quality products. At times the raw materials are highly priced due to economic factors such as inflation. There are several recommendations that the company can consider. First, it should prioritize conducting adequate market research so as to guide its production and sales activities. It can interact with the customers to identify their preferences. It should consider raising capital through public offering its shares, approach lenders through a well-drafted business plan, or contact the government for financial help as it is already a reputable business in Vietnam.